Adolescent Obesity Crisis Reaches 21.7 Percent in India: Study Finds

While previous national surveys reported adolescent weight issues ranging between 8% and 15% in Tamil Nadu, clinical data for specific metropolitan areas like Chennai remains notably sparse; consequently, Asher Edward Prem Kumar and Kannan Lakshminarayanan from the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research investigated prevalence and associated risk factors among local teenagers to bridge this vital data gap.

Therefore, the school-based cross-sectional study evaluated 222 students from classes IX through XII, aged 13 to 18, between January and April 2025 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, using standardized anthropometric measurements to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age Z-scores based on World Health Organization (WHO) references. The analysis identified the prevalence of excess weight and associated behavioral risk factors while excluding any students who were absent during the evaluation or those whose guardians did not provide written informed consent for participation.

Key Clinical Findings of the Study Include:

• Heightened Prevalence: The investigation uncovered a combined prevalence of 21.7% for excess weight, notably revealing that 14.0% of the cohort met the criteria for clinical obesity, while 7.7% were classified as overweight

• Gender Vulnerability: Female adolescents demonstrated a disproportionately higher risk profile, with the study determining they possess 6.52 times the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of being overweight or obese compared to male students

• Sedentary Screen Time: Engaging with digital devices for more than two hours per day emerged as a potent risk factor for the study population, increasing the likelihood of excess body weight by approximately 2.46 times

• Fast-Food Consumption: Nutritional habits played a pivotal role in the analysis, as students consuming fast food three or more times per week were found to have 2.58 times higher adjusted odds for weight-related issues compared to those with less frequent intake

• Meal Schedule Nuances: Although late-night dinners after 9:00 PM initially showed a significant association with weight gain in bivariate analysis, this factor lost its statistical significance once adjusted for other dietary and lifestyle variables in the final model.

The results suggest that over one-fifth of urban adolescents in Chennai are already living with overweight or obesity, driven largely by modifiable habits like excessive screen time and frequent fast-food consumption. These findings highlight a growing public health concern that surpasses pre-pandemic figures and necessitates immediate attention from the medical community.

Thus, the study concludes that clinicians should advocate for early, sustainable interventions in school and family settings that prioritize nutritional education and increased physical activity to mitigate long-term non-communicable disease risks.

While the study's single-school setting and gender imbalance may restrict the broad application of these results, it underscores a vital need for future culturally sensitive and region-specific research to empower the next generation with sustainable health habits.

Reference

Prem Kumar A, Lakshminarayanan K (February 19, 2026) Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Their Associated Factors Among Adolescent Children in an Urban School in Tamil Nadu. Cureus 18(2): e103933. DOI 10.7759/cureus.103933